CUBA

Abstract and Main Features

Cuba published the Decreto 128/2025 de la agroecología y Resolución 228/2025 – the Decree 128/2025 on Agroecology and Resolution 228/2025 in English – which states the need to “promote sustainable agriculture based on agroecological principles, facilitating socio-technological innovations based on these principles and processes, in order to increase the efficiency of production systems, promote the use of different renewable energy sources at the local level, reduce imports, and contribute to rural repopulation. This requires the issuance of a regulatory provision governing the practice of agroecology in the country.” 

Some of the main features of these laws include the:

• Recognition of agroecology as a transdisciplinary science that integrates agroecosystems with ecological, economic, and cultural aspects. 
• Enforcement of traceability systems. 
• Institutional foundation in the Constitution and its principles for the protection of the environment and people’s right to healthy food. 
• Promotion of rural knowledge in the protection of seeds and biodiversity. 
• Encouraged exchange of knowledge between technical experts and rural producers. 
• Definition of an agroecological transition system allowing producers to market their goods locally once they meet a substantial portion of agroecological criteria except for exportation. 
• Recognition of the integration between agroecology and the One Health approach. 

Objectives 

The main objectives of these laws – listed under Article 2 of the Decree 128/2025 – are: 

1. To contribute to the promotion of sustainable agriculture based on agroecological principles
2. To encourage family settlement in rural areas, as well as the incorporation, permanence, and stability of the workforce in the sector, especially among youth and women, in order to gradually support rural repopulation. 

Key Target Groups  

Cuba aims to support and empower two key target groups through this decree and resolution, particularly women and youth, with the explicit objective of strengthening labor stability and reversing rural depopulation. 

Expected Results 

Cuba’s Decree 128/2025 and Resolution 228/2025 on the promotion agroecology are expected to deliver the following outcomes: 

• Reduction of unproductive land. 
• Increased adoption of renewable energy in farming systems. 
• Gradual repopulation of rural areas. 
• Creation of a national fund to support agroecology. 
• Development of certified agroecological tourism sites. 

Decree and Resolution Development Process 

The Decree 128/2025 and Resolution 228/2025 were developed at the governmental level and approved by the Council of Ministers while taking into account the participation of rural people’s knowledge with their hereditary agroecological practices as well as scientific and academic expertise. 

Ministries and Stakeholders Involved in the Process 

• Government Ministries such as the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance. 
• National Association of Small Farmers (ANAP) 

Implementation 

The implementation of these Law and Decree is envisioned as a decentralized and participatory process led by Cuba’s Ministry of Agriculture, which directs agroecological policy, certification, and technical support. Local municipal and provincial delegates are directly involved through the management of certifications and appeals, while the Participatory Agroecological Guarantee System ensures community-based validation. The Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank design financial incentives, including tax breaks and credit access, supported by a special and newly created National Fund for the Promotion of Agroecology. Education and science ministries are involved as well and are responsible for including agroecology in curricula and research.  

Budget and Funding 

No estimated budget was publicly shared. 

Funding will be mobilized through: 

• Government allocations 
• Unused funds from projects and institutions 
• The creation of a national fund for agroecology 

N.B. This document did not receive any official review from the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture

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